The production of large quantities of compost without turning back
Non-flip compost classroom, Mae Jo
The necessity of organic fertilizer production
In the cultivation of farmers The most important and important thing is soil fertility. The fertility of the soil is derived from the accumulation of organic matter in the soil. Soil microorganisms use organic matter as nutrients and release essential minerals to plants in the amount that the plant needs adequately, including the main nutrient (nitrogen-N, phosphorus-P2O5 And potassium-K2O) secondary nutrients (sulfur, calcium and magnesium) and micronutrients (manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, iron, chlorine and zinc). Adding fertility to the soil, one way is to use compost or organic fertilizer ( Compost), in addition to adding nutrients to plants Organic fertilizers also help reduce the acidity of the soil caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and long-term herbicides. Causing soil pathogens such as root rot, etc., cannot live Because the pest germs will prefer to live in acidic soil only. In the past, before the production of chemical fertilizers in the world Farmers in Thailand have created fertility for soil cultivation by using various animal manure such as cow dung, buffalo and chicken manure, etc. Throughout Thailand at that time, rice could be exported as the number one in the world. With no chemical fertilizers used
But currently after "Green Revolution" or the introduction of chemical fertilizers to be sold in Thailand around the year 1960. Thai agriculture is heavily used chemical fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides By forgetting to fill the fertility of the soil like before The use of chemical fertilizers and chemicals for 40 - 50 years has greatly deteriorated soil cultivation. Becomes a firm, hard and acidic soil. Plant roots cannot penetrate food for good food The acidity of the soil causes the dissolution of aluminum elements and is absorbed into the plant roots. Makes plants unhealthy, becoming easy to disease And fungal diseases of some plants also work well in acidic soils Causing farmers to use more chemical fertilizers and chemicals every year, resulting in higher costs And at the same time The burning of plant debris each time results in the absence of organic matter and soil microorganisms.
In order to restore soil fertility, farmers should refrain from burning plant waste. Bring the plant waste to produce a good quality organic fertilizer and then improve the soil to add organic matter to the soil. Increase fertility for the soil That will result in reduced use of chemical fertilizers and chemicals Which means the cost of production will decrease With more productivity Making it more profitable as well The cultivated soil will return to a black soil that is soft and fluffy. There is an earthworm that rescues the roots of the plant. The plant will return to strength. Farmers and people will have good health from reducing toxic fumes from burning and reducing the use of chemicals.
New methods of organic fertilizer production "Maejo Engineering 1"
From the research results of the Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry Maejo University in 2009 has a new innovation in the production of organic fertilizer that does not have to turn over the pile. From applying the thermal engineering principles (Chimney Convection) to apply Farmers will be able to produce good quality organic fertilizer at a rate of 10 - 100 tons each time. The organic fertilizer produced is according to the organic fertilizer standards of the Department of Agriculture BE 2551, completed in just 60 days. 1 "that does not affect the environment No smell and waste water Raw materials only contain plant debris and only 2 animal manure. If the plant is a rice straw, the ratio between rice straw and manure is 4 to 1 by volume, and if it is a leaf fraction, use a ratio of 3 to 1 by volume.
Organic fertilizer production method "Maejo Engineering 1",
organic fertilizer production method "Mae Jo Engineering 1" is as follows:
1. Put 4 parts of rice straw into a thin layer of not more than 10 centimeters wide, 2.5 meters wide, spread with 1 part of animal manure and then watered (such as bringing 16 straw into 10 cm thick Sprinkle over 4 dungs for 4 to 1 proportions, for example). Do this 15 - 17 layers, watering each layer to have moisture. Up to a triangle with a height of 1.50 meters, the top layer is manure How long can the fertilizer pile be, depending on the amount of plant waste and manure that has The importance of having to make a thin layer of 15 to 17 layers is to allow the microorganisms contained in animal manure to use both the carbon elements contained in plant debris and nitrogen elements contained in animal dung for growth and cell formation. Which will cause the degradation of the material quickly
Within the first 5 days, the fertilizer division will have a much higher temperature. Sometimes as high as 70 degrees Celsius, which is normal for the fertilizer heap that is right This high heat is caused by microbial degradation activity.(Microbes are abundant and varied in animal dung) and this high temperature is also an environment suitable for the work of microorganisms in fertilizer piles as well.(Microbial groups like high heat, Thermophiles and Mesophiles) After that, the temperature gradually decreases with time until the normal temperature is 60 days.
3. When the fertilizer stack is 60 days old, stop the moisture Fertilizer piles will have a height of only about 1 meter and then make organic fertilizers to dry so that the microorganisms calm themselves. (Stabilization Period) not to harm the roots of plants How to make dry organic fertilizers may be left in the pile for about 1 month or may spread to a thickness of about 20 - 30 cm, which will dry within 3-4 days. May use dried organic fertilizers to grind to a small size evenly Which will cost about 5 - 7 baht per kilogram, can be stored for many years
Fertilizers that are 1.5 meters high will be able to store the heat generated by the microbial degradation reaction in the fertilizer pile. This heat, in addition to being an environment that is suitable for high-temperature microorganisms that are already in manure When this heat rises, it will cool the outside air into the inside of the fertilizer pile. Which is caused by the effect of convection (Chimney Convection). The external air flowing into this fertilizer pile helps to cause the degradation of airborne microorganisms (Aerobic Decomposition). And help the fertilizer pile to not have any smell or waste water. In the cold season, we may see hot steam floating out from the fertilizer Which indicates that the air is cooler than flowing into the fertilizer pile at all times
The heart of organic fertilizer production "Maejo Engineering 1"
The key to the production of organic fertilizers in this way is to always maintain moisture within the fertilizer pile to be appropriate at all times, both inside and outside the fertilizer pile, with the above 2-step method. Any area that is too dry or too wet will not be able to decompose. Causing the material to not decompose The process may take up to 6 months to 1 year.
The prohibition of organic fertilizer production methods "Maejo Engineering 1".
Prohibition of organic fertilizer production. This method is
1. Do not step on the fertilizer pile firmly. Or remove the pile of fertilizer Or remove the soil covered above the fertilizer pile Because it will cause the air to not be able to flow.
2. Do not neglect the care of the moisture in both steps because if the fertilizer is too dry, the time will be finished and the organic fertilizer is of low quality
. Placing the plant debris too thick will cause the microorganisms in the dung can not decompose plant debris.
4. Do not make fertilizer under the tree. Because the heat of the fertilizer pile may cause the tree to die.
5. Do not heat away from the fertilizer pile. Because of the high heat in the fertilizer pile will help the microbes to work better And also helps the air flow through the fertilizer pile as well
All plant debris can be used to produce this organic fertilizer, such as rice straw, corn and corn husks, water hyacinth, vegetable debris from the market, and leaf debris (both fresh and dried). Pig manure (both dry and wet), found that rice straw, water hyacinth and maize scraps are the most easily degraded plant debris. The hard seed or fruit shell can be used to produce organic fertilizers, but must be crushed in the shredder.
This method of organic fertilizer production can reduce the burning of rice straw in the field. By plowing the stubble and bringing rice straw and animal manure to the new method of fertilizer in the rice fields near the water source When the organic fertilizer is dry or the cultivation season, it will be scattered at a ratio of 500 - 1,000 kg per rai and then plowed with the soil preparation Which will save a lot of time and labor in material handling
Because the compost produced is rich in many nutrients. Therefore, be careful not to use compost. All plants are grown in pots because they can cause the plant to choke on dead nutrients. The amount of cultivation is 300 - 3,000 kg per rai depending on whether the soil is of poor quality or very good. But should not exceed 3,000 kg per rai or 2 kg per square meter because it is harmful to plants
Sample image of organic fertilizer production method Maejo Engineering 1
The necessity of organic fertilizer production
In the cultivation of farmers The most important and important thing is soil fertility. The fertility of the soil is derived from the accumulation of organic matter in the soil. Soil microorganisms use organic matter as nutrients and release essential minerals to plants in the amount that the plant needs adequately, including the main nutrient (nitrogen-N, phosphorus-P2O5 And potassium-K2O) secondary nutrients (sulfur, calcium and magnesium) and micronutrients (manganese, copper, boron, molybdenum, iron, chlorine and zinc). Adding fertility to the soil, one way is to use compost or organic fertilizer ( Compost), in addition to adding nutrients to plants Organic fertilizers also help reduce the acidity of the soil caused by the use of chemical fertilizers and long-term herbicides. Causing soil pathogens such as root rot, etc., cannot live Because the pest germs will prefer to live in acidic soil only. In the past, before the production of chemical fertilizers in the world Farmers in Thailand have created fertility for soil cultivation by using various animal manure such as cow dung, buffalo and chicken manure, etc. Throughout Thailand at that time, rice could be exported as the number one in the world. With no chemical fertilizers used
But currently after "Green Revolution" or the introduction of chemical fertilizers to be sold in Thailand around the year 1960. Thai agriculture is heavily used chemical fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides By forgetting to fill the fertility of the soil like before The use of chemical fertilizers and chemicals for 40 - 50 years has greatly deteriorated soil cultivation. Becomes a firm, hard and acidic soil. Plant roots cannot penetrate food for good food The acidity of the soil causes the dissolution of aluminum elements and is absorbed into the plant roots. Makes plants unhealthy, becoming easy to disease And fungal diseases of some plants also work well in acidic soils Causing farmers to use more chemical fertilizers and chemicals every year, resulting in higher costs And at the same time The burning of plant debris each time results in the absence of organic matter and soil microorganisms.
In order to restore soil fertility, farmers should refrain from burning plant waste. Bring the plant waste to produce a good quality organic fertilizer and then improve the soil to add organic matter to the soil. Increase fertility for the soil That will result in reduced use of chemical fertilizers and chemicals Which means the cost of production will decrease With more productivity Making it more profitable as well The cultivated soil will return to a black soil that is soft and fluffy. There is an earthworm that rescues the roots of the plant. The plant will return to strength. Farmers and people will have good health from reducing toxic fumes from burning and reducing the use of chemicals.
New methods of organic fertilizer production "Maejo Engineering 1"
From the research results of the Faculty of Engineering and Agro-Industry Maejo University in 2009 has a new innovation in the production of organic fertilizer that does not have to turn over the pile. From applying the thermal engineering principles (Chimney Convection) to apply Farmers will be able to produce good quality organic fertilizer at a rate of 10 - 100 tons each time. The organic fertilizer produced is according to the organic fertilizer standards of the Department of Agriculture BE 2551, completed in just 60 days. 1 "that does not affect the environment No smell and waste water Raw materials only contain plant debris and only 2 animal manure. If the plant is a rice straw, the ratio between rice straw and manure is 4 to 1 by volume, and if it is a leaf fraction, use a ratio of 3 to 1 by volume.
Organic fertilizer production method "Maejo Engineering 1",
organic fertilizer production method "Mae Jo Engineering 1" is as follows:
1. Put 4 parts of rice straw into a thin layer of not more than 10 centimeters wide, 2.5 meters wide, spread with 1 part of animal manure and then watered (such as bringing 16 straw into 10 cm thick Sprinkle over 4 dungs for 4 to 1 proportions, for example). Do this 15 - 17 layers, watering each layer to have moisture. Up to a triangle with a height of 1.50 meters, the top layer is manure How long can the fertilizer pile be, depending on the amount of plant waste and manure that has The importance of having to make a thin layer of 15 to 17 layers is to allow the microorganisms contained in animal manure to use both the carbon elements contained in plant debris and nitrogen elements contained in animal dung for growth and cell formation. Which will cause the degradation of the material quickly
2. Throughout 60 days, keep the moisture inside the fertilizer pile to be always appropriate. (Approximately 60 - 70 percent) with 2 steps as follows
Step 1 Watering outside the fertilizer pile every day without causing any water to flow out of the fertilizer.
Step 2 At the end of the 10th day, use the wood or iron to thrust the fertilizer into the bottom hole and fill the water. The distance of the hole is about 40 centimeters. Take this second step 5 times. The duration is 10 days apart. When the water has been completed, close the hole so that it does not lose heat within the fertilizer stack This step, even during the rainy season, still needs to be done. Because the rain water cannot flow into the fertilizer pile From the advantages that rain water cannot be washed into the fertilizer pile Farmers can also produce organic fertilizers in this way in the rainy season too. The total amount of water added must not cause too much water to come out.
Within the first 5 days, the fertilizer division will have a much higher temperature. Sometimes as high as 70 degrees Celsius, which is normal for the fertilizer heap that is right This high heat is caused by microbial degradation activity.(Microbes are abundant and varied in animal dung) and this high temperature is also an environment suitable for the work of microorganisms in fertilizer piles as well.(Microbial groups like high heat, Thermophiles and Mesophiles) After that, the temperature gradually decreases with time until the normal temperature is 60 days.
3. When the fertilizer stack is 60 days old, stop the moisture Fertilizer piles will have a height of only about 1 meter and then make organic fertilizers to dry so that the microorganisms calm themselves. (Stabilization Period) not to harm the roots of plants How to make dry organic fertilizers may be left in the pile for about 1 month or may spread to a thickness of about 20 - 30 cm, which will dry within 3-4 days. May use dried organic fertilizers to grind to a small size evenly Which will cost about 5 - 7 baht per kilogram, can be stored for many years
Fertilizers that are 1.5 meters high will be able to store the heat generated by the microbial degradation reaction in the fertilizer pile. This heat, in addition to being an environment that is suitable for high-temperature microorganisms that are already in manure When this heat rises, it will cool the outside air into the inside of the fertilizer pile. Which is caused by the effect of convection (Chimney Convection). The external air flowing into this fertilizer pile helps to cause the degradation of airborne microorganisms (Aerobic Decomposition). And help the fertilizer pile to not have any smell or waste water. In the cold season, we may see hot steam floating out from the fertilizer Which indicates that the air is cooler than flowing into the fertilizer pile at all times
The heart of organic fertilizer production "Maejo Engineering 1"
The key to the production of organic fertilizers in this way is to always maintain moisture within the fertilizer pile to be appropriate at all times, both inside and outside the fertilizer pile, with the above 2-step method. Any area that is too dry or too wet will not be able to decompose. Causing the material to not decompose The process may take up to 6 months to 1 year.
The prohibition of organic fertilizer production methods "Maejo Engineering 1".
Prohibition of organic fertilizer production. This method is
1. Do not step on the fertilizer pile firmly. Or remove the pile of fertilizer Or remove the soil covered above the fertilizer pile Because it will cause the air to not be able to flow.
2. Do not neglect the care of the moisture in both steps because if the fertilizer is too dry, the time will be finished and the organic fertilizer is of low quality
. Placing the plant debris too thick will cause the microorganisms in the dung can not decompose plant debris.
4. Do not make fertilizer under the tree. Because the heat of the fertilizer pile may cause the tree to die.
5. Do not heat away from the fertilizer pile. Because of the high heat in the fertilizer pile will help the microbes to work better And also helps the air flow through the fertilizer pile as well
All plant debris can be used to produce this organic fertilizer, such as rice straw, corn and corn husks, water hyacinth, vegetable debris from the market, and leaf debris (both fresh and dried). Pig manure (both dry and wet), found that rice straw, water hyacinth and maize scraps are the most easily degraded plant debris. The hard seed or fruit shell can be used to produce organic fertilizers, but must be crushed in the shredder.
This method of organic fertilizer production can reduce the burning of rice straw in the field. By plowing the stubble and bringing rice straw and animal manure to the new method of fertilizer in the rice fields near the water source When the organic fertilizer is dry or the cultivation season, it will be scattered at a ratio of 500 - 1,000 kg per rai and then plowed with the soil preparation Which will save a lot of time and labor in material handling
Because the compost produced is rich in many nutrients. Therefore, be careful not to use compost. All plants are grown in pots because they can cause the plant to choke on dead nutrients. The amount of cultivation is 300 - 3,000 kg per rai depending on whether the soil is of poor quality or very good. But should not exceed 3,000 kg per rai or 2 kg per square meter because it is harmful to plants
Sample image of organic fertilizer production method Maejo Engineering 1
Making organic fertilizer (compost) without turning the pile Maejo Engineering Formula 1
The process of soil improvement in organic agriculture, the most important is the use of organic fertilizer to improve soil So how to make organic fertilizer, also known as compost That is easy to manage Making organic fertilizer (compost) without turning the pile Mae Jo Agricultural Formula Should answer the plaintiff's ease We went to watch the clip of the researcher.
Short overview
Detailed organic fertilizer application Part 1
Making organic fertilizer in detail, Part 2
Making organic fertilizer in detail, Part 3
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